Showing posts with label arabic. Show all posts
Showing posts with label arabic. Show all posts

Monday, June 23, 2008

Simple Greeting Dialog with Breakdown

Bert: Asalaa maalekum.
Ernie: Maalekum salaam.
Bert: Nanga def?
Ernie: Mangi fii rekk.
Bert: Ana waa ker ga?
Ernie: Nunga fa.
Bert: Alhamdulilaay!

Asalaa maalekum
Malekum salaam

Greetings / Hello

from Arabic: Peace to you, and to you peace.

USE when entering or arriving at a place or when approaching an already established group.

Naka nga def?
Na nga def?

How are you doing?
(literally: How you do?)

na = naka — how
nga — you
def — verb: to do

An informal greeting. DON’T USE to initiate greetings with a person to whom you want to show respect.

Maa ngi fi rekk.

I am fine
(lit: I am here only.)

maa ngi — here I am
maa — presentative pronoun first person singular
fi — here
rekk — only

Ana waa ker ga?

How’s the family?

ana — how is / how are / where is / where are

waa ker ga — the people of the house, “the family”
waa — the people of / the inhabitants of
ker — house
ker gi — this house
ker ga — the house (distance)

Nu nga fa.

They are fine.
(lit: They are there.)

nu nga — they are
fa — there

nu ngi fi — they are here
nu nga fa — they are there

Alhamdulilay.

Thank God.
(from Arabic)

Mind Your Manners

It is customary in Senegal to greet anyone you come into contact with. If you come across a group of people, enter a dwelling or are meeting elders the Arabic greeting asalaam alaikum is appropriate. When greeting individuals the French bonjour or cava is good and alternately the Wolof nangadef works as well. It is also customary to shake hands when greeting someone. Also when entering a home shaking everyone’s hand, including the children, is common practice. Be sure to only use your right hand. There are some people, however, who will not shake hands with members of the opposite sex. It is also common practice to remove your shoes when entering homes so you may want to wear a pair that you can easily slip on and off. Most Senegalese wear flip-flops.

Text excerpt from the upcoming Janga Wolof produced Senegalese Phrasebook & Information Guide. Publish date TBA.

A Little About the Wolof Language

Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania and to a lesser degree in other west African countries, and it is the native language of the ethnic group of the Wolof people. Like the neighboring language Fula, it belongs to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Unlike most other languages of Sub-Sarahan Africa, Wolof is not a tonal language.

Wolof is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken not only by members of the Wolof ethnic group but also by most other Senegalese. Wolof dialects may vary between countries (Senegal and the Gambia) and the rural and urban areas. “Dakar-Wolof“, for instance, is an urban mixture of Wolof, French, Arabic, and even a little English spoken in Dakar, the capital of Senegal.

“Wolof” is the standard spelling, and is a term that may also refer to the Wolof ethnic group or to things originating from Wolof culture or tradition. As an aid to pronunciation, some older French publications use the spelling “Ouolof”; for the same reason, some English publications adopt the spelling “Wollof”, predominantly referring to Gambian Wolof. Prior to the 20th Century, the forms “Volof”, and “Olof” were used.

About 40 percent (approximately 3.2 million people) of Senegal’s population speak Wolof as their mother tongue. An additional 40 percent of the population speak Wolof as a second or acquired language. In the whole region from Dakar to Saint-Louis, and also west and southwest of Kaolack, Wolof is spoken by the vast majority of the people. Typically when various ethnic groups in Senegal come together in cities and towns, they speak Wolof. It is therefore spoken in almost every regional and departmental capital in Senegal. The official language of Senegal is French.

Source: Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolof_language

General Greetings / Salutations Général (Dialog)

Omar: Salaamaaleekum. Peace be upon you.
Moodu: Maaleekum salaam. Peace return to you.
Omar: Jaama ngaam? Do you have peace?
Moodu: Jaama rek. Peace only. (I’m fine.)
Omar: Naka nga def? How are you?
Moodu: Maangi fi rek. I am here only. (I’m fine.)
Omar: Sa yaram jaama? Is your body in peace? (How is your health?)
Moodu: Jaama rek. Peace only.
Omar: Ana waa ker gi? Where are the people of the house? (How is your family?)
Moodu: Nunga fa. They are there. (They’re fine.)
Omar: Mbaa defunu dara. I hope nothing is wrong with them.
Moodu: Deedeet, defunu dara. No, nothing is wrong with them.
Omar: Naka ligeey bi? How is the work? (How is work?)
Moodu: Maangi si kowam ndanka, ndanka. I am on it slowly, slowly. (I’m taking it easy.)

Wednesday, February 27, 2008

Religious Terms 2

Words & phrases with religious significance starting with the letter B.

Many of these terms may actually be Arabic or Wolofized Arabic. Many Wolof speakers practice Islam which uses the Arabic language.

baakaar, bakaar - sin, evil
baawaan - religious ceremony to pray for rain
Baay Faal - a type of Mourit (Mouride) follower, characterized by long hair (dreadlocks), etc.
baraka - blessing
baraka Alla, barak’Allah fik - with God’s blessing, may the blessings of Allah be upon you (used to thank someone)
barke - blessing
barkeel - to benefit from a blessing
bataaaxal, bataxel - letter, circular letter (generally prophesying the future)
bayere - a charm for happiness; to be popular
biddaa - belief, superstition
billaay, billaxi - by God
bisimilaay, bisimilayi, bisimilaahi - in the name of God
bismillah ar rahman ar rahim - in Allah’s name most gracious most merciful
bootal - man in charge of newly circumcised boys
boroom daara - head of a religious school
bu soobee Yalla - if it pleases God

See Religious Terms 1.

Wednesday, February 20, 2008

Travel Vocabulary IV

See Travel Vocabulary III

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Here are a few things that you may come across if traveling to Senegal or the Gambia.

bazin - dyed fabrics that are beaten to a shine with wooden clubs

campement - could be loosely translated as 'hostel', 'inn' or 'lodge', or even 'motel'; it is not a camping ground (Senegal)

djembe - short, goat hide-covered drum

fromager - kapok tree; also known as silk-cotton tree (Senegal)

gasoil - diesel fuel

Inch' Allah - God willing, ie hopefully (Arabic, but used by Muslims in Africa)

marabout - Muslim holy man

paillote - shelter with thatched roof and walls; usually on the beach or around an open-air bar-restaurant (Senegal)

sai-sai - Wolof term for a womanizer; also used for youngsters smooth-talking women, usually with sexual but sometimes criminal intentions

telecentre - privately owned telephone bureau (Gambia)

Thanks to Lonely Planet’s The Gambia & Senegal; 3rd Edition.

Religious Terms

Words & phrases with religious significance starting with the letter A.

Many of these terms may actually be Arabic or Wolofized Arabic. Many Wolof speakers practice Islam which uses the Arabic language.

ajaratu - title given to a woman who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca
aji Makka - to go to Mecca
aj gi - the pilgrimage
Aji - title given to a woman who has made the pilgrimage
ajjana, aljana, arjana - heaven, paradise
allaaji, alxaaji - title of a man who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca
allaaxira - the next world
alla-akubaar, allahu-akbar - God is great
alxamdulillaa - praise be to God
alxuraan - the Koran
amiin - amen
astafurlaa - may God forgive, God help us. (an exclamation of astonishment)
atte Yalla la - it is the judgement of God, it is fate

Culture Notes - Greetings

Extended greetings are an important part of social interaction and many doors will open for you if you are capable of exchanging simple greeting phrases in the local language. Even a few words make a big difference.

Most areas are Islamic, and upon entering someone’s home, announce your arrival with a confident ‘Salaam aleikum’ (peace be with you), and your presence will be acknowledged with ‘Aleikum salaam’ (and peace be with you).

This is followed by inquiries about your health, the health of your family, the state of your affairs and those of your children. You’re never expected to give an honest answer at this point. In Gambia things are always fine; in Senegal the response is always ‘Ça va’. Never mind the real troubles that might be plaguing you - these can be mentioned later in the conversation.

Although it’s not necessary for foreigners to go through the whole routine, it’s important to use greetings whenever possible. Even if you’re just changing money, negotiating a taxi fee or asking directions, precede your request with a simple. ‘Hello, how are you? Can you help me please?’, rather than plunging right in.

Borrowed from; The Gambia & Senegal, Lonely Planet, 3rd Edition, 2006

Travel Vocabulary II

See Travel Vocabulary I

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Here are a few things that you may come across if traveling to Senegal or the Gambia.

alham - white Mercedes bus, also called N'Diaga N'Diaye in Dakar

beignet - simple deep-fried donut (Senegal)

calesh - horse-drawn taxi usually seating about three people behind the driver

demi-pension - half board (dinner, bed and breakfast) (Senegal)

essence - petrol (gas) for car (Senegal)

fanals - large lanterns; also the processions during which the lanterns are carried through the streets

gare routière - bus and bush-taxi station, (also called autogare and gare voiture) (Senegal)

hôtel de ville - town hall (Senegal)

in sha' Allah - God willing, ie, hopefully (Arabic, but used by Muslims in Africa)

lumo - weekly market, usually in border areas

mairie - town hall; mayor's office (Senegal)

paletuviers - mangroves (Senegal)

quatre-quatre - four-wheel-drive car (4WD or 4x4)

riz yollof - vegetables and/or meat cooked in a sauce of oil and tomatoes

Senegambia - the region of Senegal and Gambia

tampon hygiénique - tampon (also tampon periodique and serviette hygiénique) (Senegal)

yassa poulet - grilled chicken marinated in an onion-and-lemon sauce (Senegal)

Thanks to Lonely Planet's The Gambia & Senegal; 2nd Edition.

Arabic/Islamic Phrases

Assalamu alaykum. - Peace be upon you.
Wa alaikumus salam. - And peace be upon you. (reply to above)
Allahu akbar. - Allah is greater. (takbir)
Al hamdu lilah wa shukru lillah. - Praise belongs to Allah and all thanks to Allah.
Bismillah ar rahman ar rahim. - In Allah’s name, most gracious, most merciful.
Insh’Allah. - If Allah wills. (referring to a future action)
Mash’Allah. - What Allah wishes. (indicates good omen)

Days of the Week / Bési Ayubés Bi

Wolof names for the days of the week are mostly adopted from Arabic.

As usual you can mouse over for the French translations as well.

Monday - Alteneh / Altinay / Altine [al-ti-ney]
Tuesday - Talarta / Talata / Talaata [ta-laa-ta]
Wednesday - Arlahrba / Alarba / Àllarba [al-lar-ba]
Thursday - Alheames / Alxamess / Alxames [al-kha-mes]
Friday - Arjuma / Ajuma / Àjjuma [aj-ju-ma]
Saturday - Gaaw / Gaawo / Gaawu [gaa-woo]
Sunday - Dibéér / Dibeer / Dibéer [dee-beyr]

Saturday may also be known as Aséér. (found this trans. in a Gambian source)

Travel Vocabulary

Here are a few things that you may come across if traveling to Senegal or the Gambia.

afra - grilled meat, or grilled meat stall (Gambia)

benechin - rice baked in a thick sauce of fish and vegetables (Gambia)

cadeau - gift, tip, bribe or a hand-out (Senegal)

dash - bribe (noun); also used as a verb ‘You dash me something …’ (Gambia)

Ecowas - Economic Community of West African States

factory - fortified slaving station

garage - bus and bush-taxi station (Gambia)

harmattan - the light winds from the north which carry tiny particles of sand from the desert, causing skies to become hazy from December to February

IMF - International Monetary Fund

latcheri - pounded millet

mafé - thick brown groundnut sauce

ndeup - ceremonies where people with a mental illness are treated and healed (Senegal)

occasion - lift (noun), or place in a car or bus (often shortened to occas) (Senegal)

palava - meeting place

Quran - Islamic holy book (also called Koran)

Ramsar - an international convention primarily concerned with the conservation of wetland habitats and associated wildlife

salon du thé - tea shop (Senegal)

tampon - stamp (eg, in passport) (Senegal)

ventilé - room with a fan (Senegal)

Thanks to Lonely Planet’s The Gambia & Senegal; 2nd Edition.

Grrrreetings!

Proper greetings in the Wolof culture are very important. Often times one will spend several minutes with greetings and pleasantries before getting down to the purpose of their visit. Sometimes the whole visit will just be greetings. Even on Senegalese call-in radio shows the callers and hosts will exchange many greetings before getting on with the caller's question or comment.

We have put here the four most common greetings you are most likely to encounter on a daily basis when visiting Wolof countries. We have included both Arabic and French as well as Wolof.

GREETING

RESPONSE

WHEN USED

salaam alaikum

malaikum salaam

greeting a group of people
or entering one's house

nanga def

maangi fi

greeting an individual

ça va

ça va

greeting an individual in passing

ba beneen

ba beneen

upon leaving an individual